TPU harder than 95A
Thermoplastic Polyurethane, rated 98 Shore A or harder, or on the Shore D scale
15 products from 13 makers. Bambu Lab lists this material type for the H2C; the listing covers the type, not each brand.
- Tensile modulus (XY)
- 0.396GPa
- one product
- Tensile strength (XY)
- 39MPa
- 6 products · middle half 32.3–45.4
- Tensile strength (Z)
- 18.1MPa
- 2 products · 11.2–25
- Notched Charpy impact
- 62kJ/m²
- one product
- Not applicable:
- HDT at 0.45 MPa.
- Price
- 47CAD/kg
- one product
TPU harder than 95A is a harder thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, rated at the hard end of Shore A or on the Shore D scale. Makers sell it for prototypes, end-use parts and rugged industrial applications. Its tensile strength (XY) is 22.4–53.7 MPa, and across the layers it keeps 57 % of its flat strength. On the H2C most products call for drying, and a maker says to dry it thoroughly before every print.
Partly documented Tensile modulus (XY), notched Charpy impact and price rest on 1 product each and tensile strength (Z) on 2 products. Each figure is the median of the products that publish it comparably, and beside it the middle half of them; a value on a test bar no document describes as printed, or with no stated test load, is set apart, except a heat deflection of a plastic that cannot crystallise, which its glass transition sets, unless its document points to a moulded or resin bar.
On the H2C
Printing in full- Nozzle
- 220–245 °C
- most products that give one
- Bed
- 50–60 °C
- most products that give one
- Heated chamber
- 25–45 °C
- 1 of 2 that give one
- Drying
- 50–100 °C, 2–12 h
- 9 of 15 products call for it; 4 more give it as optional
- Nozzle type
- standard for most
- one of 15 products' sheets asks for one; 5 say a standard nozzle is enough; the rest are silent
No product's setting is beyond the H2C's limits: nozzle 350 °C, bed 120 °C, heated chamber 65 °C.
Among the materials
Against TPU 95A class, TPU harder than 95A is 34 % stronger flat and 18 % weaker across the layers. Against TPC / TPEE, TPU harder than 95A is 3.1 times as strong flat. Among the materials, TPU harder than 95A has a high elongation at break (XY) and notched Charpy impact, and a low tensile modulus (XY), tensile strength (Z) and price: each is in the top or bottom quarter of the materials that publish it. Its tensile strength (XY) and density sit in the middle half.
Against its alternatives, TPU harder than 95A has the highest tensile modulus and tensile strength and the lowest price
How does it compare with what an engineer would buy instead?
- TPU harder than 95A: its products' median and middle half
- an alternative
- lowest to highest
- each material's median (top row)
- set apart: test bar not described as printed, or no stated load
- beyond the scale
Each row is a material, each column a property: the bar is the middle half of a material's products, the tick their median, the hairline their lowest to highest; the ticks above the rows are every material's median.
The figure as a table
| Material | Modulus (XY) (GPa) | Strength (XY) (MPa) | Strength (Z) (MPa) | Notched Charpy (kJ/m²) | Price (CAD/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TPU harder than 95A (this material) | 0.396 · 1 | 39 (32.3–45.4) · 6 | 18.1 · 2 | 62 · 1 | 47 · 1 |
| TPU-CF | 0.2 as published (1) | 60 as published (1) | — | 40 as published (1) | 189 · 2 |
| TPU 95A class | 0.027 (0.0166–0.0396) · 11 | 29 (27–34) · 17 | 22 (18.5–22) · 5 | 78 · 1 | 83 · 2 |
| TPC | 0.048 · 2 | 12.7 · 2 | — | — | 88 · 2 |
| TPE, maker-undisclosed elastomer | 0.15 · 1 | 18 · 1 | — | — | — |
| TPS | 0.054 · 1 | 7 · 1 | 2 · 1 | — | 55 · 1 |
Each cell is the median of the products ranked, its middle half in brackets, and how many.
Where TPU harder than 95A sits among the 15 flexible materials on file
Where is it in the landscape: stiffness against strength, heat resistance against price?
- TPU harder than 95A: median, middle half as a cross
- a TPU harder than 95A product
- an alternative
- another material
- beyond the scale
Tensile strength (XY) against tensile modulus (XY)
MPa
Tensile modulus (XY), GPa, log scale
Grey points are every other flexible material's medians; the alternatives are named.
The figure as a table
| Material | Tensile modulus (XY) | Tensile strength (XY) |
|---|---|---|
| TPU harder than 95A (this material) | 0.396 GPa · 1 | 39 MPa · 6 |
| TPU-CF | 0.2 GPa as published | 60 MPa as published |
| TPU 95A class | 0.027 GPa · 11 | 29 MPa · 17 |
| TPC | 0.048 GPa · 2 | 12.7 MPa · 2 |
| TPE, maker-undisclosed elastomer | 0.15 GPa · 1 | 18 MPa · 1 |
| TPS | 0.054 GPa · 1 | 7 MPa · 1 |
Mechanical properties
Printed flat (XY), TPU harder than 95A typically reaches a tensile strength of 39 MPa at a modulus of 396 MPa, and breaks at 318 % elongation.
TPU harder than 95A's products spread most in elongation at break: the middle half runs 295–540 %
How strong, stiff and tough are its products, and which stand out?
- a product
- set apart: test bar not described as printed, or no stated load
- measured after annealing
- middle half and median
- beyond the scale
One mark per product on each property's scale (zoomed where its products sit close together, as its label says); the band is the middle half of the products the median counts, and the line the median.
Hover or select a product to find it in every figure; its name opens its card on the Products page.
The figure as a table
| Property | In the median | Median | Middle half | Lowest in the median | Highest in the median | As published | Added filler or additive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile strength (XY) (MPa) | 6 | 39 | 32.3–45.4 | Bambu Lab TPU for AMS, 22.4 | Fillamentum Flexfill TPU 98A, 53.7 | 8 | 0 |
| Elongation at break (XY) (%) | 5 | 318 | 295–540 | eSUN TPU-64D, 140 | Bambu Lab TPU for AMS, 650 | 9 | 0 |
Every TPU harder than 95A product that publishes these values is drawn; each value, with its document and conditions, is on the Products page.
| Product | Tensile modulus (XY) | Tensile strength (Z) | Notched Charpy impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bambu Lab TPU for AMS | not published | 11.2 MPaafter annealing | not published |
| Extrudr FLEX MEDIUM MATT | 0.12 GPanot described as printed | not published | not published |
| Extrudr FLEX HARD | 0.4 GPanot described as printed | not published | not published |
| Extrudr FLEX MEDIUM | 0.12 GPanot described as printed | not published | not published |
| Flashforge TPU 64D | not published | not published | 62 kJ/m² |
| NinjaTek Armadillo | 0.396 GPa | not published | not published |
| eSUN TPU-64D | not published | 25 MPa | not published |
| FormFutura Python Flex | 0.15 GPanot described as printed | not published | not published |
| Siraya Tech Flex TPU 64D | 0.392 GPanot described as printed | not published | not published |
| Copper3D MD Flex | 0.15 GPanot described as printed | not published | not published |
Across the layers (Z), TPU harder than 95A keeps 57 % of its flat strength and 19 % of its flat elongation
What does a printed part lose across the layers (Z) against flat (XY), and is that usual?
- a product
- measured after annealing
- equal share: 100, 75, 50 and 25 %
- TPU harder than 95A's median share
- an alternative
Tensile strength
Z keeps 57 % of XY, median of 2 products
flat (XY), MPa
Share kept: TPU 95A class 81 % · TPU harder than 95A 57 %
Tensile modulus
No TPU harder than 95A product publishes both
Share kept: TPU 95A class 76 % · TPS 69 %
Elongation at break
Z keeps 19 % of XY, median of 2 products
flat (XY), %, log scale on both axes
Share kept: TPU 95A class 41 % · TPU harder than 95A 19 % · TPS 3 %
Each point is a product that publishes both from one sheet: below the 100 % ray it keeps less across the layers than flat. Under each plot, the median share its alternatives' products keep.
The figure as a table
| Product | Property | Flat (XY) | Across (Z) | Z as a share of XY |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bambu Lab TPU for AMS | Tensile strength | 22.4 MPa | 11.2 MPa | 50 % |
| eSUN TPU-64D | Tensile strength | 39 MPa | 25 MPa | 64 % |
| Bambu Lab TPU for AMS | Elongation at break | 650 % | 31 % | 5 % |
| eSUN TPU-64D | Elongation at break | 140 % | 46 % | 33 % |
| TPU 95A class (alternative) | Tensile strength | 81 % · 5 | ||
| TPU 95A class (alternative) | Tensile modulus | 76 % · 1 | ||
| TPS (alternative) | Tensile modulus | 69 % · 1 | ||
| TPU 95A class (alternative) | Elongation at break | 41 % · 2 | ||
| TPS (alternative) | Elongation at break | 3 % · 1 |
No TPU harder than 95A product publishes tensile modulus both flat and across the layers from one sheet.
Flat and across the layers, property by property
Flat and across the layers
| Property | Printed flat (XY) | Across the layers (Z) | Z as a share of XY | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | Products | Median | Products | ||
| Tensile strength MPa | 3932.3–45.4 | 6 | 18.1 | 2 | 57 %2 products |
| Tensile modulus GPa | 0.396 | 1 | — | — | |
| Elongation at break % | 318295–540 | 5 | 39 | 2 | 19 %2 products |
| Flexural modulus GPa | 0.1 | 1 | — | — | |
The middle half of the products under each median. The share is each product's Z value as a part of its XY value, from one sheet and one state, and the median of those shares. How XY and Z differ.
Most TPU harder than 95A products measure 98 Shore A or 64–70 Shore D
How hard are its products, on the Shore scale their sheets use?
- a product
- middle half and median
The figure as a table
| Property | In the median | Median | Middle half | Lowest in the median | Highest in the median | As published | Added filler or additive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shore A hardness (Shore A) | 6 | 98 | 98 | Spectrum S-Flex 98A, 98 | Copper3D MD Flex, 98 | 0 | 0 |
| Shore D hardness (Shore D) | 5 | 68 | 64–70 | Fabru Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), 53 | NinjaTek Armadillo, 75 | 0 | 0 |
Every TPU harder than 95A product that publishes these values is drawn; each value, with its document and conditions, is on the Products page.
Thermal properties
Its glass transition is typically -16 °C. As published, Vicat softening is typically 136 °C and melting typically 209 °C.
Where TPU harder than 95A's products soften under load
Where do its products soften under load?
- a product
- middle half and median
- beyond the scale
The figure as a table
| Property | In the median | Median | Middle half | Lowest in the median | Highest in the median | As published | Added filler or additive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glass transition (Tg) (°C) | 6 | -16 | -26–-11 | Extrudr FLEX MEDIUM MATT, -30 | eSUN TPU-64D, -9 | 0 | 0 |
Every TPU harder than 95A product that publishes these values is drawn; each value, with its document and conditions, is on the Products page.
Not published for TPU harder than 95A: HDT at 0.45 MPa and HDT at 1.8 MPa.
Printing on the H2C
TPU harder than 95A softens near -16 °C, below the H2C's 65 °C chamber
What does printing it on the H2C take, and how hot can a part get?
- share of the products that accept each temperature
- what most products accept
- the H2C's limit, and beyond it
- a product
- TPU harder than 95A: its products' median and middle half
- as published, under each sheet's own test
Printing it on the H2C
In service
°C
One temperature axis for the settings a print needs and the temperatures a part meets. A setting's shade is how many of the products whose sheets give a window accept each degree; the H2C's limit closes its row.
The figure as a table
| Setting or property | Most products, or the median | Products | H2C limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nozzle | 220–245 °C | 15 | 350 °C |
| Bed | 50–60 °C | 15 | 120 °C |
| Heated chamber | 20 °C; 25–45 °C | 2 | 65 °C |
| Drying | 50–100 °C, 2–12 h | 13 | — |
| Glass transition (Tg) | -16 °C (-26–-11 °C) | 6 | — |
| Vicat softening temperature | 85–140 °C | 6 | — |
| Melting temperature | 183–225 °C | 8 | — |
Windows read from the Bambu Lab Filament Guide are not shaded: the guide speaks for every product that reads it.
| Setting | Most TPU harder than 95A products |
|---|---|
| Nozzle | 220–245 °C most products that give one |
| Bed | 50–60 °C most products that give one |
| Heated chamber | 25–45 °C 1 of 2 that give one |
| Drying | 50–100 °C, 2–12 h 9 of 15 products call for it; 4 more give it as optional |
| Nozzle type | standard for most one of 15 products' sheets asks for one; 5 say a standard nozzle is enough; the rest are silent |
Where a product's own sheet is silent, its setting comes from a sheet it shares or from the Bambu Lab Filament Guide; each product's card says which.
Hardened nozzle. One product needs one: Flashforge TPU 64D.
After printing
One product publishes values measured after annealing, at 70 °C for 12 h.
It's not recommended to anneal prints of TPU, or prints with not very simple shape and structure can deform obviously.
Bambu Lab TPU for AMS, data sheet, p. 3
What makers say about printing it
Printing advice
After the printing process, it is recommended to dry the model in the oven at 120-130°C for 6-8 hours to increase the strength of the model.
Flashforge TPU 64D, data sheet, p. 3
Moisture sensitivity
Longer drying times may be needed if the filament has been exposed to humid air for extended periods.
Siraya Tech Flex TPU 64D, data sheet, p. 1
More from makers: nozzle wear, warping and shrinkage, adhesion between layers, odour and emissions and supports and removal
Nozzle wear
Ruby or hardened nozzle not necessary
Spectrum S-Flex 98A, data sheet, p. 1
Warping and shrinkage
TPU can even be printed on a cold printing plate without significant distortion.
Fabru Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), data sheet, p. 1
Adhesion between layers
Excellent tensile strength and layer adhesion
Siraya Tech Flex TPU 64D, data sheet, p. 1
Odour and emissions
Yes, it is, as long as the room has good ventilation or an air filtration system for the safety and comfort of the people using the 3D printer.
BigRep TPU 98A, maker's product page or guide, p. 1
Supports and removal
Supports printed in TPU 64D can be challenging due to strong layer bonding.
Siraya Tech Flex TPU 64D, data sheet, p. 1
Products
15 products from 13 makers; the most from Extrudr (3).
- Most documented: Bambu Lab TPU for AMS, and 1 other that publishes as much.
- Highest tensile strength (XY): Fillamentum Flexfill TPU 98A, 53.7 MPa.
These are published values, not recommendations: the selector judges each product against your requirements.
Uses, limitations and chemicals
What it is sold for
It offers temperature resistance up to 100 °C and a high level of chemical resistance making TPU 98A suitable for rugged industrial applications.
BigRep TPU 98A, maker's product page or guide, p. 1Save time and money using Armadillo to prove your concepts. Print your product in a fraction of the time it would take with traditional methods.
NinjaTek Armadillo, maker's product page or guide, p. 1This property gives the prints an elegant and high-quality appearance that is ideal for aesthetically demanding applications.
Extrudr FLEX MEDIUM MATT, data sheet, p. 1
What makers warn about
Only printable with Direct Drive Extruder - low printing speed
Fabru Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), data sheet, p. 1
Finish and accuracy
Unlike other flexible filaments Nanovia TPU 70 is rigid enough to be sanded.
Nanovia TPU 70D, data sheet, p. 1Briefly applying heat (e.g., heat gun on low setting, very quick pass with a torch flame) can sometimes smooth surfaces or reduce fuzziness, but exercise extreme caution to avoid melting or burning the part.
Siraya Tech Flex TPU 64D, data sheet, p. 1Using a state-of-the-art manufacturing process, very low manufacturing tolerances are achieved, which leads to convincing printing results with all FDM 3D printers.
Fabru Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), maker's product page or guide, p. 1Consistent diameter and material properties providing reliable, high-quality prints
NinjaTek Armadillo, maker's product page or guide, p. 1
Chemicals and environment
| Exposure | What makers say |
|---|---|
| Flammability | Flammable, in its one statement |
| Water solubility | Insoluble, in its one statement |
| Acid resistance | Not resistant, in 1 of 3 statements; the others give no rating |
| Alkali resistance | Not resistant, in 1 of 3 statements; the others give no rating |
| Organic solvent resistance | Mixed, 2 statements disagree |
| Oil and grease resistance | Resistant, in 2 of 3 statements |
| Hydrolytic stability | Described in words, with no rating, in its one statement |
| UV and outdoor | Described in words, with no rating, in all 4 statements |
Makers rarely give the concentration, temperature or duration: treat them as indications, not design data. Each product's statements are on its card.
Density and price
TPU harder than 95A's density is typically 1,180 kg/m³, the middle half 1,170–1,220 kg/m³, across 15 products. One product has a sampled price: Bambu Lab TPU for AMS at 47 CAD/kg.
| Product | Price |
|---|---|
| Bambu Lab TPU for AMS | 47 CAD/kg |
Regular prices, never sale prices, from 9 Canadian shops and 10 foreign shops, sampled 10 Sep–20 Oct 2026, not live; shipping and tax are not included.
Other properties, as published
14 more properties are published, each under its own sheet's test conditions, so they are listed, not ranked.
The 14 properties, lowest to highest
| Property | Products | Lowest–highest |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile stress at 300 % elongation | 6 | 25–37.8 MPa |
| Abrasion loss | 5 | 23–30 mm³ |
| Tensile stress at 100 % elongation | 5 | 15.4–28.4 MPa |
| Melt mass-flow rate | 4 | 21.8–80 g/10 min |
| Mould shrinkage | 4 | 0.8–1.2 % |
| Tear strength | 4 | 110–175 kN/m |
| Water absorption | 4 | 0.8–1.2 % |
| Decomposition temperature | 3 | 220 °C |
| Compression set | 2 | 24–50 % |
| Compression strength | 2 | 40 MPa |
| Poisson's ratio | 2 | 0.45–0.47 |
| Tensile stress at 10 % elongation | 2 | 12.1–15.1 MPa |
| Continuous service temperature | 1 | 90 °C |
| Elongation at yield | 1 | 18 % |
Sources
37 documents from 13 publishers (18 data sheets, 17 makers' product pages and guides, 1 safety data sheet and 1 printer document), read 10 Sep–19 Oct 2026. Each value on TPU harder than 95A's Products page names its document and page, and links to the original.
Bambu Lab, H2C Filamant Printing Guide (the H2C's printer guide): print settings for 15 products.
Every document (37), by publisher
| Publisher | Documents | Values | Products |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extrudr | 9 | 89 | 3 |
| Spectrum | 5 | 16 | 1 |
| NinjaTek | 3 | 11 | 1 |
| Fillamentum | 3 | 9 | 1 |
| eSUN | 3 | 7 | 1 |
| Bambu Lab | 2 | 13 | 1 |
| FormFutura | 2 | 7 | 1 |
| Nanovia | 2 | 7 | 1 |
| Fabru | 2 | 6 | 1 |
| BigRep | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Copper3D | 1 | 9 | 1 |
| Flashforge | 1 | 8 | 1 |
| and 1 more publisher, with 1 document | |||
- Bambu Lab, Bambu Filament Technical Data Sheet - TPU for AMS
- Bambu Lab, H2C Filamant Printing Guide | Bambu Lab Wiki
- Bambu Lab, TPU for AMS official maker product page
- BigRep, FILAMENT TPU 98A
- BigRep, TPU Filament - Flexible 3D Printer Material | Bigrep
- Copper3D, MD¹ Flex Antibacterial Nanocomposite
- eSUN, Technical Data Sheet TPU-64D
- eSUN, TPU-64D Hard-Flexible 3D Printing Filament | eSUN
- eSUN, TPU-64D official maker product page
- Extrudr, FLEX HARD official maker product page
- Extrudr, TECHNICAL DATA SHEET FLEX HARD
- Extrudr, TECHNICAL DATA SHEET FLEX HARD
- Extrudr, TECHNICAL DATA SHEET FLEX MEDIUM
- Extrudr, TECHNICAL DATA SHEET FLEX MEDIUM
- Extrudr, TECHNICAL DATA SHEET FLEX MEDIUM MATT
- Extrudr, TPU FLEX Hard Filament – Shore Hardness D58 | Extrudr
- Extrudr, TPU FLEX Medium Filament – Shore Hardness A98 | Extrudr
- Extrudr, TPU FLEX Medium MATT Filament – Shore Hardness A98
- Fabru, purefil TPU filament
- Fabru, Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)
- Fillamentum, Drying of filaments before processing on 3D printer
- Fillamentum, Flexfill TPU 98A
- Fillamentum, Flexfill TPU92A Additional information; chemical matrix explicitly covers all Flexfill types
- Flashforge, Technical Data Sheet TPU 64D Filament
- FormFutura, Python Flex TPU 98A
- FormFutura, Technical Data Sheet Python Flex
- Nanovia, Nanovia TPU 70D : Industrial semi-rigid : Nanovia
- Nanovia, TPU 70D official material safety data sheet
- NinjaTek, Armadillo 3D Printer Filament (75D)
- NinjaTek, Armadillo 3D Printer Filament (75D)
- NinjaTek, Technical Specifications Armadillo™ 3D Printing Filament
- Siraya Tech, Siraya Tech Flex TPU 64D Filament TDS
- Spectrum, 3D Printing Filament Manufacturer PRODUCT PORTFOLIO
- Spectrum, Filament drying - Spectrum Filaments
- Spectrum, Spectrum Filaments Product Portfolio 2025 — Prografen pp28–29
- Spectrum, TECHNICAL DATA SHEET S-Flex 98A
- Spectrum, TECHNICAL DATA SHEET S-Flex 98A